How Is Heart Rate Controlled Quizlet

The heart rate is essentially the number of times the heart contracts in a minute. It is regulated by the autonomic nervous system which controls all the involuntary functions of the body such as heart rate blood pressure respiration digestion and urination. The autonomic nervous system has two divisions – the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. These two systems work in opposition to each other to maintain a balance in the body.

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the “fight or flight” response. This is the body’s natural response to a perceived threat. When the body is under stress the sympathetic nervous system kicks in to help the body deal with the stressor. It does this by increasing the heart rate blood pressure and respiration. It also diverts blood away from the digestive system and to the muscles so that they can be used for physical activity.

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the “rest and digest” response. This is the body’s natural response when it is not under stress. When the body is relaxed the parasympathetic nervous system kicks in to help the body rest and digest. It does this by decreasing the heart rate blood pressure and respiration. It also increases blood flow to the digestive system.

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The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are constantly working to maintain a balance in the body. The sympathetic nervous system increases the heart rate when the body is under stress. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases the heart rate when the body is relaxed.

What initiates the sympathetic activity that increases heart rate?

Answer: The sympathetic activity is initiated by the cardioaccelerator centers in the medulla oblongata.

How is the sympathetic activity relayed to the heart?

Answer: The sympathetic activity is relayed to the heart by the sympathetic nerves.

What is the main effect of the sympathetic activity on the heart?

Answer: The main effect of the sympathetic activity is to increase the heart rate.

What is the main effect of the increased heart rate?

Answer: The increased heart rate results in an increased cardiac output.

How does the increased cardiac output affect blood pressure?

Answer: The increased cardiac output results in an increased blood pressure.

What is the main effect of the increased blood pressure?

Answer: The increased blood pressure results in an increased perfusion of the tissues.

What is the main effect of the increased perfusion of the tissues?

Answer: The increased perfusion of the tissues results in an increased oxygenation of the tissues.

What is the main effect of the increased oxygenation of the tissues?

Answer: The increased oxygenation of the tissues results in an increased metabolism of the tissues.

What is the main effect of the increased metabolism of the tissues?

Answer: The increased metabolism of the tissues results in an increased production of energy.

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How does the increased production of energy affect the body?

Answer: The increased production of energy results in an increased ability to perform work.

What is the main effect of the increased ability to perform work?

Answer: The increased ability to perform work results in an increased overall efficiency of the body.

How does the increased overall efficiency of the body affect the individual?

Answer: The increased overall efficiency of the body results in an increased ability to withstand stress.

What is the main effect of the increased ability to withstand stress?

Answer: The increased ability to withstand stress results in an increased ability to adapt to changes.

How does the increased ability to adapt to changes affect the individual?

Answer: The increased ability to adapt to changes results in an increased ability to survive.

What is the main effect of the increased ability to survive?

Answer: The increased ability to survive results in an increased ability to reproduce.

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